Social engineering
Social engineering is an all encompassing term that describes a variety of techniques like baiting, shoulder surfing, phishing and more used by perpetrators to take advantage of human behaviors to steal information or cause damage.
Criminals do this by crafting and sending emails that look like the real deal to harvest details such as passwords, giving away malware-laden USB drives at places likes conferences and captivating you with online ads that take you to malicious websites and others.